Arterial blood gas analysis with the measurement of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood may be performed in the Pediatric ICU to evaluate the efficacy of ventilation or evaluate acid-base status. Although the direct measurement of PaCO₂ remains the gold standard, it provides only a single...

The intraoperative monitoring of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (pCO₂) is used to assess the adequacy of ventilation and guide clinical interventions.  Although end-tidal CO₂ monitoring remains the most frequently used non-invasive technology in the intraoperative setting to provide a...